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This section
will take a look at the subject of Ovarian Cancer. Other topics
that contain information for women can be found further down the
page.
Ovarian
cancer
is cancer that begins in the ovaries. In women, the ovaries produce
eggs (ova) for reproduction. Cancer can also begin in the fallopian
tubes.
There
are several types of ovarian cancer. Ovarian cancer that begins on the
surface of the ovary (epithelial carcinoma) is the most common
type.
By
the time symptoms appear, the ovarian tumor may have grown large
enough to shed cancer cells throughout the abdomen. At such an
advanced stage, the cancer is more difficult to cure.
Ovarian
cancer is staged from I through IV, which indicates earliest
to most advanced. Ovarian
cancer causes more deaths than any other type of cancer
affecting the reproductive system. Ovarian
cancer can be treated with surgery,
chemotherapy, or radiation therapy.
The
presence of a mutation in any of these genes does not predict
with absolute certainty that either breast cancer or ovarian cancer will occur.
Your
chances of surviving ovarian cancer are better if the cancer is
found early. But because the disease
is difficult to detect in its early stage, only about 29 percent
of ovarian cancers are found before tumor growth has spread.
Patients
with a personal history of breast cancer, or a family history
of breast and/or ovarian cancer, may
have an elevated risk.
Ovarian
cancer is classified as Stage
II when cancer has spread from one or both ovaries to other parts
within the pelvis, e.g. uterus, fallopian tubes.
Ovarian
cancers shed malignant cells into the naturally occurring
fluid within the abdominal cavity. An exploratory surgical procedure
called laparotomy generally is required
for the definitive diagnosis of ovarian cancer.
Sometimes,
ovarian cancer occurs in more than one family member but isn't
the result of any known inherited gene alteration. Having
some family history of ovarian cancer increases your risk of the
disease, but not to the same degree as does having an inherited
genetic defect.
Lifetime
number of ovulations are closely associated
with ovarian cancer
risk so that nulliparity, few pregnancies,
early menarche, and late menopause, are all risk factors.
Because
ovarian cancer usually develops in the thin lining of the abdominal
cavity that covers the ovaries, women who have had their ovaries
removed can still get a similar but less common form of cancer
called primary peritoneal cancer.
Events
in a woman’s life that inhibit the release of eggs from
the ovaries appear protective against developing ovarian cancer. The lifetime probability
of ovarian cancer increases from about 1.6% in a 35-year-old woman
without a family history of ovarian cancer to about 5% if she
has 1 relative and 7% if she has 2 relatives with ovarian cancer.
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